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Fish is a good source of protein, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. Eating fish, or taking a fish oil supplement, is associated with many beneficial health effects.

A liposomal delivery system is an advanced method of transporting substances into the body. Liposomes are both efficient and effective transporters due to their ability to be recognised by both water and lipids.

Glutamine is a major amino acid that is primarily used in the synthesis of proteins. Traditionally considered to be a “non-essential” amino acid, its status has recently been bumped up to “conditionally essential” during times of increased demand.

The main causes of hair loss disorders involve an interruption in the hair growth cycle. These disorders usually involve a stress on the body in one form or another.

Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) is a condition which can affect some people when they are exposed to a perceived allergen resulting in irritation and inflammation of the nasal passages, the sinuses, eyes and throat. 

Ginseng is popular worldwide for its immune modulating and energizing properties. In Chinese herbal medicine ginseng is considered the “king of herbs” and is used to treat fatigue, poor cognition, stress, infertility, cancer and poor immunity.

The man flu is a form of the common cold, the symptoms of which are greatly exaggerated. It exclusively affects males causing them to feel weak, sick and miserable. What distinguishes man flu from the common cold is the need for lots of tender loving care (TLC).

After eating your glucose levels are elevated, insulin is then secreted from the pancreas, its job is to drive glucose into the cells to be metabolised. There’s no doubt in anyone’s mind that too much sugar is bad news for your body.

There are many natural therapies used to lower cholesterol, but do they do as they claim. Here we look at 12 treatments - garlic, guggulipid, red rice yeast, policosanol, artichoke leaf extract, fenugreek, fibre, fish oil, ginseng, niacin, soy protein and phytosterols (plant sterols).

Insomnia is a sleep disorder that involves difficulty in getting to sleep, or staying asleep for long enough to feel refreshed and function normally.

People with type 1 diabetes and some with type 2 diabetes must receive insulin delivery in order to process the sugars they eat.

Do you have brittle nails? Are they nails slow to grow, weak, flaky, ridged, or grooved? You could be missing some valuable nutrients from your diet.

Are dimply thighs preventing you from wearing shorts this summer? You’re not the only one. Cellulite is a common condition that affects up to 90% of women at some point in their life.

Having a sore tummy is a common complaint in children that can be caused by viruses, food intolerances, constipation and even anxiety. It can leave many parents feeling helpless, unsure of what to do to help their child. Natural therapies have many solutions to help relieve the discomfort, eradicate a stomach bug faster and gently calm a child.

Selecting which milk is right for you among the variety of milk and milk alternatives on the supermarket shelves can be a daunting task. With so many health claims, consumers find themselves confused and even frustrated. One type of milk that has made headlines in recent years is the A2 milk by the New Zealand-based company, the a2 Milk Company. A2 milk (and milk products, including yoghurt, cream, and ice cream) is said to be easier to digest than regular cow milk. The milk is sold at supermarkets all over New Zealand, Australia, UK, the US and China.

Corticosteroids are both natural molecules that act as hormones in the body, and artificially produced chemical variations on the basic corticosterone structure. Corticosterone is the essential form on which the other biological corticosteroids are based, which is in turn synthesised in the body from cholesterol molecules.

Topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (Efudix) is a cream that is applied to the skin to treat various skin diseases.

During an abdominal migraine the pain is felt in the head rather than the stomach. It is a rare form of migraine that is mainly seen in children aged 5-9 years of age but can occur in adults too.

Flatulence, which is commonly known as “wind” or more comically as “farting”, is a perfectly natural biological process. The average person passes gas between 5 to 15 times in a day. Along with belching, it is the body’s way of ridding itself of excess gas in the gut as it builds up and causes bloating and a general feeling of discomfort.

Hemorrhoids are one of the most painful, uncomfortable and inconvenient lesions that a person can experience, like sitting on a cactus. They can make normal daily activities such as sitting, walking or sitting on the toilet a cause for unbearable pain. Hemorrhoids or Piles, as they are more commonly known, are inflamed blood vessels around the anus or the lower rectum. These swollen blood vessels can either be internal to the anal and surrounding tissue or external to it.

Ever get confused when purchasing magnesium supplements - which ones are the best choice for specific symptoms. Aspartate, oxide, sulfate, diglycinate, chloride, lactate, carbonate - aren't all magnesiums the same?

Rosacea is a persistent non-contagious skin disorder that produces redness and tiny pimples primarily on the central region of the face. The redness is caused by the small blood vessels (capillaries) that have dilated near the surface of the skin, causing a permanent flushed appearance. Due to the disorder causing small yellow-headed pimples the condition can also be referred to as acne rosacea. At this point the cause of rosacea is unknown and there is no cure but making simple changes in the diet and lifestyle can help slow the progression of the disorder and reduce the symptoms.

Acid reflux, heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux are painful digestive conditions which are closely related to one another and cause similar symptoms; however, they usually develop in stages.

The pH of the human body is extremely important. A pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is alkaline. The normal range for human blood pH is between 7.35 and 7.45, which is slightly on the alkaline side.

Acne is a disease of the skin most commonly affecting both males and females between the ages of 15 - 25. It generally begins during puberty, however acne can also occur in adulthood and be triggered by such things as hormones, genetics, digestion and stress. Acne can appear on the skin in the form of blackheads, whiteheads, papule, pustule and cysts which may not just affect the appearance; it can also have an impact on quality of life.

Nuts are a popular snack and rich source of healthy unsaturated fats, protein, fibre, vitamins and minerals. Daily consumption of nuts is associated with lowered risk of heart disease and diabetes, and reduced cholesterol and blood pressure. Studies have also shown that nut consumption might even help lose weight.

There are many different types of vitamins, all of which have important functions within our body.

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, which can either appear suddenly and last for days (acute) or for many years (chronic).

We have the scoop on health risks associated with additives, and what you can do to navigate tricky ingredients labels.

he adenoids are diffuse masses of lymphatic tissue located on the nasal pharynx (high up on the throat behind the nose). In fact, the adenoid tissue is a tonsil. There are 3 pairs of tonsils in the human body - called the pharyngeal tonsils.

Adenomyosis is a gynaecological condition that affects the uterus. Cells that normally form the lining of the uterus (the endometrial tissue) also grow within the muscle walls of the uterus (the myometrium).

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that may also present with symptoms such as inconsistent focus and performance in completing tasks, poor motivation and drowsiness.

Synonymous with stress, the adrenal glands produce a wide range of hormones that help us deal with the ups and down of life. They secrete over fifty different hormones, including adrenaline and cortisol. The concept of “adrenal fatigue” was first coined in 1990s, and tired adrenals are often blamed for ongoing fatigue and malaise.

Our adrenals, are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline, cortisol and aldosterone. Along with the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, they are involved in the stress response.

Life threatening age related weight loss in the elderly is a real concern. A reduction in food intake, and concomitant weight loss, is often linked to advancing age. Up to 20% of older adults experience this phenomenon.

With advancing age come many changes that may or may not be a normal part of the process. Some of these changes affect sleep. The more conspicuous of which are feeling sleepy at increasingly earlier hours of the night but taking longer to fall asleep once in bed, a lighter sleep with easy arousal, frequent awakenings, getting up earlier in the morning and an overall decrease in the duration of the refreshing deep phase of sleep.

Agomelatine is an antidepressant drug, approved for general use regarding the treatment of major depressive disorders and anxiety in 2009.

Air travel–related ear pain results from unequal air pressure between the external atmospheric ambient air and the small volumes of air that exist within the structure of the human middle ear.

Addiction is a condition that results when a person ingests a substance, for example, alcohol or nicotine, and/or engages in an activity, such as gambling or shopping, which can be pleasurable but the continuation of which becomes compulsive and as a result interferes with responsibilities such as work, relationships, and health.

Australia has a well-established drinking culture. Weddings, parties, sporting events and a range of occasions in between are all celebrated or commiserated with alcohol. While many Australians enjoy a drink, for some drinking can slip into excess, causing harm and dependence.

There is a lot of hype about alkalizing the body and a belief that alkaline water can do this. Does acid cause issues in the body?

Asthma is a respiratory condition in which the bronchi, or tubes leading from the throat to the lungs, may become constricted, thus restricting the ability to breathe in. This may lead to oxygen deprivation, discomfort, reduced quality of life and can be life-threatening. Asthma may occur in childhood or adulthood, and become a chronic condition.

Females can often find themselves challenged with allergies or intolerances at the same time as they are experiencing hormonal changes to their body such as at the beginning of a young female’s menstruation.

Spring, summer and autumn are the most common allergy seasons for humans and dogs. That's right – when you've got itchy eyes and a runny nose, your canine companions could be suffering too.

Aloe vera is a cactus-like perennial succulent belonging to the Liliaceae family that is commonly grown in tropical climates. Used since ancient times as a medicinal plant, aloe vera soothes irritations and inflammations of the skin and digestive tract. It is traditionally applied topically to treat wounds, burns and other skin conditions. Internally aloe vera is a prebiotic food helping to support healthy digestion and to provide relief of stomach ulcers and ulcerative colitis.

We all know the importance of antioxidants in providing protection against chronic degenerative diseases and in maintaining good health.

A child’s little body can make a big sound when dealing with a wracking cough. Coughs are a very common occurrence in children, with coughs sometimes lasting from 2 to 6 weeks following a respiratory infection.

Altitude Sickness, also commonly referred to as Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), is a medical condition that occurs when individuals climb to a high altitude too quickly. The decrease in atmospheric pressure makes breathing less efficient, and milder forms of the illness are characterised by exhaustion, feelings of nausea, headaches and dizziness. Generally it is a self-limiting condition that will improve with good self-care, although in its more severe forms altitude sickness can manifest as a high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) or a high-altitude cerebral oedema (HACE). Both HAPE and HACE can lead to a coma and death if left untreated.

The food we eat is made up of many chemical substances that are needed for many important physiological processes in the body.

Every year thousands of Australians are hospitalised due to anaphylaxis. Having such severe allergic reactions is a real concern - making even simple things such as going to a restaurant a potentially dangerous experience.

When most people think of anaphylaxis, they think of a life-threatening condition in which every second counts.

Herbal medicine can offer many benefits across a range of health concerns. One herb to keep in the medicine cupboard is Androghraphis (Andrographis paniculata).

Ankylosing spondylitis is a condition that affects the spine as well as the joints between this structure and the pelvis. It is a chronic inflammation of these bones. Ankylosing spondylitis may be associated with new bone growth in and between spinal joints, resulting in their fusion into one structure over time. This is known as ankylosis, or the amalgamation of several bones into one. Ankylosis of the spine may result in characteristic deformities, including 'bamboo spine'. It is associated with the release of 'pro-inflammatory' molecules such as TNFalpha.

Ankylosing spondylitis is a condition that affects the spine as well as the joints between this structure and the pelvis. It is a chronic inflammation of these bones.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune condition affecting mostly the spine.

If you needed another reason you should eat your fruits and vegetables, then Anthocyanins might be that reason. Red, blue and purple, those highly coloured fruits and vegetables that not only bring to life a boring meal, also offer a variety of health benefits, from eye, to heart and anti-cancer. The colour of these foods is because of a pigment called anthocyanin, a naturally occurring glycoside from the flavonoid family of phytochemicals (plant chemicals), and considered one of the most important group of chemicals found in food.

As we age, noticeable differences occur on the skin but happen on the inside too. Damaged skin cells make us look older prematurely and may contribute to wrinkles, discolouration and sagging skin. Preventing chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes and arthritis as well as improving mental clarity ensure a longer, healthier and happier life.

If you suffer from diabetes, pre-diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, or low immunity you may benefit from a diet high in nutrition, but low in simple sugars.

Rhinosinusitis is a condition affecting the nasal passages and airways causing a consistent 'runny nose' and nasal congestion. In some cases nasal polyps may develop.

Criteria to diagnose depression involve identifying negative symptoms (e.g. sadness, helplessness). Recent studies have identified that core differences exist between GP goals and patient goals. GP goals are to reduce negative symptoms; patient goals are to increase positive symptoms (e.g. happiness, fulfilment).

The main function of fear and anxiety is to act as a signal of danger, threat, or motivational conflict, and to trigger appropriate adaptive responses. Some experts see fear and anxiety as indistinguishable, whereas others believe they are distinct phenomena.

Anxiety, both in adults and children, is an inherent response to a perceived threat and is part of our survival instinct. It is designed to activate our fight or flight response and keep us safe from harm. It is perhaps one of the most important tools that the human body possesses in order to stay safe. For children, anxiety serves as an important protective mechanism and signal for caution in certain situations. It is for this reason that specific expected fears accompany each stage of child development.

Bedwetting refers to the involuntary passage of urine during sleep, referred to as nocturnal enuresis.

Most children should be able to get all the vitamins and minerals they need by eating a healthy, balanced diet suitable for their age and activity level. But despite parents’ best efforts, findings from Australian health surveys show that many children do not meet the estimated average requirement for some important minerals, especially calcium and magnesium.

High levels of cholesterol is associated with a higher risk of heart disease and other disorders related to the impaired or reduced circulation of the blood.

Why is getting enough fibre important?. Some people may see fibre as an unpalatable, taste-less and an unimportant component in the diet.

Spring heralds the beginning of warmer weather and the exuberant growth of plants and flowers. Lovely as this is after enduring the coldness of winter, for some spring means an onslaught of allergy symptoms. Tearing eyes, conjunctivitis, runny, stuffed and congested noses, itching and constant sneezing are common symptoms of seasonal allergies. It is a condition which occurs when inhaled allergens in the air trigger histamine release in the body. These symptoms are often referred to as allergic rhinitis.

Some individuals with mental health issues have trouble discussing or expressing their problems verbally. This is especially true with potentially severe mental health conditions such as schizophrenia. Since psychotherapy requires verbal interaction between therapist and patient, patients who cannot express themselves verbally may not be able to benefit from psychotherapeutic interventions. One means to overcome this barrier is through art therapy. Patients are provided with art supplies and encouraged to express themselves by drawing or painting.

Asbestosis is a serious progressive lung disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibres and dust. The disease was first identified in 1928 as type of pneumoconiosis – occupational lung ailment caused by inhaled dusts from mines and agriculture.

Asperger’s syndrome was first described in the 1940s by Viennese paediatrician Hans Asperger, who observed autism-like behaviours and difficulties with social and communication skills in boys who had normal intelligence and language development.

Asperger syndrome is an autism spectrum disorder and, as such is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which the patient has difficulty in participating in “normal” social interactions and communication.

There are many ubiquitous airborne fungi all around us that we contantly inhale. Some of these fungi are relatively harmless while others can cause infections that present with symptoms that may at first seem rather miscellaneous, only to progress to much more serious ailments that debilitate our health.

Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), refers to a range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviours, speech and nonverbal communication.

The immune system is complex and researchers are still trying to fully understand its mechanisms of action. If you're struggling to understand what “autoimmune” means, you're not alone.

The main role of connective tissue is to support, bind and protect other tissues and organs in the body.

Well obviously, the best way to deal with a hangover is not to consume too much alcohol, but hey all good intentions can turn pear shape. This article will look at ways to reduce the symptoms of hangover, before and after-care.

You didn’t mean to over-drink alcohol or you want to avoid a hangover! Avoiding a hangover, let's face it, is as simple as not over-indulging in alcohol. But if you do wake-up with a hangover, there are some solutions to help recovery.

The B vitamins are one of the most important group of vitamins essential for health They help with energy production, digestion, immune system function and the manufacture of hormones and neurotransmitters. Each has very specific roles within the body and they are best taken as a complex – unless there are specific deficiencies. B vitamins are usually found as part of a multivitamin or can be taken in a B complex.

Flower essences are herbal infusions or decoctions, made from the flowering part of a plant. They are made in a form similar to homeopathy where they are heavily diluted and act as a vibrational medicine in the body.

Separation anxiety in children occurs due to a fear of being away from parents or carers. It is perfectly normal during early childhood and usually starts at about six to eight months of age and lasts until about two and a half to four years of age.

Bacterial vaginosis, as the name suggests, is a condition affecting the vagina that is associated with bacterial growth.

Halitosis or malodour are the names given for offensive odour coming from the oral cavity (mouth) commonly known as 'bad Breath'. People suffering from this condition will often feel embarrassed, if they are aware of the condition.

The brain is continuously playing a balancing act to keep chemical (neurochemicals) in balance. Too much of one or too little of another can have a major effect on thoughts, feelings and behaviours.

Bed wetting or nighttime incontinence, otherwise known as "nocturnal enuresis," refers to the involuntary passage of urine during sleep.

Following the birth of a baby there is certainly a lot of excitement in making that initial visit. In the first few days, weeks or even months following a baby’s arrival, their immune system is fragile and susceptible to infection. The parents are also sleep deprived, mum is recovering physically and experiencing a roller coaster ride of emotions. If you’re visiting that new mumma and bub, following some visiting etiquette is polite.

Bell’s palsy is sudden, weakness or paralysis of the muscles in one side of the face.

Intermittent fasting has risen in popularity due to numerous studies showing it has powerful effects on weight loss, blood sugar balancing and heart health.

The prostate is a small gland that is part of the male reproductive system. In younger men, it is about the size of a walnut. The prostate is positioned below the bladder, in front of the rectum, and surrounds part of the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder).

Berberine is a yellow-coloured alkaloid which is extracted from several different plants and herbal medicines. Popular in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine, berberine has a long history of traditional use for a variety of ailments and is even used as a dye,

A berry as we generally know it, is a small, rounded, juicy fruit and highly coloured, that usually has no stone, maybe sweet or sour and is full of goodness. The pips might be found in the skin like with strawberries, or found inside the fruit. Scientifically a berry is a fruit produced from the ovary of a single plant where the outer layer of the ovary wall develops into an edible fruit (pericarp).

Beta-glucan is a soluble fibre that is found primarily in oats. It is made up of long strings of glucose molecules arranged in a particular fashion that allows it to be soluble in water and act as a dietary fibre.

Bladder pain syndrome, or interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC), is a condition characterised by pain and/or other abnormalities in the course of bladder function, i.e. urination.

When blood is discovered in stool, whether by the patient when wiping or by a test from a health professional, it can be quite scary. In some instances, blood in stool can be a symptom of a serious condition. However, this is not always the case. Therefore, it is important to understand the possible causes of blood in stool and what you need to do when it happens to you.

The pressure that blood exerts on the artery wall is referred to as blood pressure. When the pressure is high in is called hypertension (high blood pressure) and if it is low this is called hypotension (low blood pressure). Blood pressure can fluctuate as it changes to meet your body’s needs and according to environmental demands. For example, it rises during physical exertion and drops in extreme heat. If blood pressure remains consistently high it can put you at greater risk of stroke, heart attack or kidney disease.

The word 'boil' is a popular term for a type of lesion that often appears in the form of a reddened, raised and firm lump on the skin.

Testosterone is known as an anabolic hormone, and it's not just for men. This potent hormone is found in varying amounts in all bodies.

Boswellia serrata is a tree that produces a medicinal resin, also known as frankincense. Boswellia resin is used extensively in traditional Ayurvedic medicine as a pain-killer.

Our heart rate can give us valuable information about the health of our heart and overall wellbeing.

Over the past decade, “brain training” has become a household word. Brain training as it is used in commercials and online advertisements are methods, usually computer games, that promise to enhance learning ability, memory, and cognitive skills.

BCAAs are found in protein rich foods. They are unique because they are mainly broken down in the muscle rather than in the liver.

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the airways or bronchi (or bronchus when referring to the singular) restricting air flow from the main windpipe (trachea) to the lungs causing chest tightness, shortness of breath and an irritating cough with or without phlegm.

According to the Mayo Clinic burning feet is defined as “the sensation that your feet are painfully hot" which can be mild or severe, and may also include tingling (pins and needles) or/and numbness.

Burning mouth syndrome is a medical condition which causes a burning sensation in the mouth. Often no obvious cause can be found, and the condition can either be ongoing or cyclic.

Burping, bloating and flatulence are common natural body functions; however, they can interfere with some daily activities, are not always considered polite in social company, and may be associated with some health disorders.

There is a lot of confusion surrounding butter and margarine. Is one better for your health than the other, or should you switch to another spread altogether?

Caffeine can be found in some most unexpected places. Apart from the usual cup of coffee, this chemical is also in tea, cola drinks, energy drinks, chocolate and cocoa. It is available as a diet pill, found in some flu medication, cellulite cream and even in shampoo. Caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant and even though it is often considered bad for health, in some circumstances, it can actually be beneficial.

Caffeine is probably one of the world's best-recognised chemicals. It is contained in many foods and beverages, including those taken habitually for their purported beneficial effects. Caffeine is not classed as a drug, although it is pharmaceutically active.

Calcium is an essential mineral that is involved in maintaining many important biological processes. It is the most abundant mineral in the body and comprises up to 2 percent of the body weight of an average adult.

Children, like adults, can suffer from anxiety, stress, insomnia, problems concentrating and hyperactivity.

What beer drinker would not be excited to be able to justify their love of a beer. The good news is having a beer or two can actually be good for you.

The skin is the largest organ of the body, the barrier between the internal and external environment, whose role is to protect the body from foreign, microbial invasion, regulate temperature and prevent water loss.

Could stress be depleting magnesium in the body? Research suggests a vicious cycle exist of stress depleting magnesium and depleted magnesium increasing the body’s susceptibility to stress.

When you have an upper respiratory infection you sometimes get a cough. This cough can be a good cough as it allows mucus to shift off the lung and be expelled from the body, but some coughs can be an indicator of other conditions and should be investigated.

The microbiota of obese individual has been shown to have a reduced diversity and composition of gut microbiota, differing from that of lean individuals. The gut microbiota is a living environment which plays an important role in the immune system, as a modulator of energy balance (homeostasis) and deposition of fat. Restoring the richness and variety of the microbiota has been shown to improve the integrity of the gut, reduce inflammation and alter the metabolic defects which result in obesity.

Friendly bacteria reside in the gastrointestinal tract and promote good digestive health by maintaining bowel regularity, supporting our immune system and even synthesising certain nutrients.

They carry us through life from our very first steps and we wonder why when we are older, our feet hurt - have we taken as good care of them as they have of us?

Carnitine is an amino acid that is found in nearly all cells of the body and is involved in cellular energy production, function and integrity. It transports long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria of cells, so they can be oxidised to produce energy. Also considered an antioxidant compound, carnitine transports the toxic compounds generated out of this cellular organelle to prevent their accumulation.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a painful disorder that occurs when pressure is placed on the median nerve in the wrist. Symptoms include numbness, tingling, weakness, and pain in the hand.

The carpal tunnel is an anatomical structure located at the end of the wrist. It is an 'arch' formed by the carpal bones leading from the wrist into the palm in the general direction of the thumb.

Cellulitis is a potentially series bacterial skin infection usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus (golden staph) and group A streptococci.

Immigration is usually accompanied by environmental and lifestyle changes.

Every parent dreads the thought of their child coming home from school with head lice. They’re contagious, annoying and sometimes difficult to treat. With so many treatment options available –what natural ones REALLY work?

For a tiny seed, chia seeds pack a hefty nutritious punch! Rich in omega 3, fibre, protein, vitamins and minerals, chia seeds are easily classified as a superfood. Find out how adding chia seeds into your diet can benefit you.

Gone are the days where chicken pox was a common viral infection. Since introducing varicella shots into the children’s immunisation schedule, rates of infection have dropped dramatically.

People who experience chilblains often dread cold weather. On exposure to the cold, extremities such as the toes or fingers can swell and become inflamed.

A common belief is that exposure as a child to different viruses and bacteria (particularly in child care and schooling situations) leads to a stronger immune system. Is this true?

Tantrums happen when children are overwhelmed by strong feelings and lose control of their emotions and behaviour. They happen most often in toddlers and are a normal and necessary part of their development.

Capsaicin is a compound found in chilli peppers and is a hot topic in scientific research as a potential for many therapeutic uses.

While it is certainly true that many different foods can have a good impact on your health, some of them take on an almost legendary nature. Coffee cures hangovers, chocolate eases menstrual cramps, red wine is good for your heart; there are so many claims like these that it’s hard to trust almost any health-related food “fact”. That’s a good instinct, because you shouldn’t believe any of them unless you have seen the supporting evidence.

Most people choose a deodorant to help avoid unpleasant body odour or as a way reduce the amount of perspiration being released by the body. Sweat can contribute to body odour, but body odour is mainly due to bacteria. The armpit, with its warm and damp environment, provide an ideal environment for bacteria.

Glaucoma has long been recognised as a condition in which pressure of the fluid within the eye is higher than normal, specifically higher than 21 mmHg.

Chronic hypotension, or low blood pressure, is quite different from acute causes of low blood pressure. Acute causes of low blood pressure are usually medical emergencies and can be life threatening such as blood loss, severe dehydration, infection of the blood, anaphylaxis or various forms of shock.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, commonly known as COPD is a respiratory disease that is characterized by an abnormal inflammatory response in the lungs and restricted airflow, both of which result in difficulty with breathing. COPD is an umbrella term that includes other conditions of the lungs such as emphysema, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, chronic airway obstruction and in some cases, asthma.

Chronic venous insufficiency CVI is a common disorder characterized by impaired blood flow through the venous system (veins) of the lower limbs (lower legs). Symptoms can include leg heaviness, discomfort and itching (pruritis) – and more severe signs such as swelling (oedema), a reddish/brown pigmentation and lipodermatosclerosis. Changes to skin, subcutaneous tissue and vascular tissue can be mild or severe. Varicose veins and leg ulcerations can result from CVI.

Circadian rhythms are a cycle of mental, physical and behavioural changes of most living things (humans, animal, plants and microbes), which follow a daily cycle. Sleep, digestion, hormonal release and body temperature are all influenced by circadian rhythms.

Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver as a result of continuous, long-term liver damage. It is a slow progressing disease in which healthy liver tissue is replaced with scar tissue which blocks the flow of blood through the liver. This slows down the processing of hormones, medication, nutrients and naturally produced toxins that require metabolism and excretion. Cirrhosis can be fatal if left untreated and the liver fails, although treatment can significantly help slow its progression.

Diclofenac epolamine is a non-opioid analgesic that is used to relieve pain from a number of different conditions. It is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used for conditions such as rheumatic conditions and epicondylitis (such as tennis or golf elbow). Whilst it has historically been administered orally, there are now transdermal patches available on an over the counter basis to help reduce pain and inflammation.

A cochlear implant is a medical device that helps improve the hearing of profoundly or totally deaf people by stimulating the auditory (hearing) nerve. An implant is not fully restorative and patients will not experience normal hearing, but it can give the sensation of sounds. Results vary from person to person, with some becoming more aware of environmental sounds or being able to hear speech.

Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disease where the body has an abnormal reaction to the protein gluten which is found in wheat, rye and barley. It affects the small intestine, causing inflammation, damage and malabsorption.

It's been a busy time and you are feeling over-whelmed and a bit run-down, and then you get the tell-tale tingling on your lip…. a cold sore! Cold sores (herpes labialis) are caused by infection with the herpes simplex virus (HSV1).

Colloidal silver is a product made of tiny silver particles suspended in a liquid. It is typically sold over the counter in a liquid form for ingestion, as a nasal spray, or as a body spray.

A colonoscopy is a test where a health professional examines the colon (also often referred to as the large intestine or the large bowel). A colonoscope is a thin, flexible telescope that is around the same thickness as a little finger. It is passed through the anus and into the colon, and can be pushed all the way round the colon as far as the caecum (where the small and large intestine meet). It contains fibre-optic channels which allow light to shine down so the operator can see inside your colon and it also has a 'side channel' down which devices can pass. These can be manipulated by the operator: for example, they may wish to take a small sample (biopsy) from the inside lining of the colon by using a thin 'grabbing' instrument which is passed down a side channel.

With frequent hand washing and the use of antibacterial soaps, hands can become dry and nails weaken. Nails can break or split and the skin on the hands and around the nails may crack or develop dermatitis from the frequent contact with harsh chemicals resulting in dry, red and itchy skin.

Aeromonas are bacteria that can cause an acute diarrhoea illness. It is a fairly common cause of gastroenteritis, which occurs most often throughout the warm summer months in most countries.

Aeromonas are bacteria that can cause an acute diarrhoea illness. It is a fairly common cause of gastroenteritis, which occurs most often throughout the warm summer months in most countries.

Pregnancy is an exciting and joyful journey towards the welcoming of a new life. Unfortunately, for some mums-to-be, this journey may be accompanied by uncomfortable digestive symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, reflux and constipation.

Pregnancy is an exciting and joyful journey towards the welcoming of a new life. Unfortunately, for some mums-to-be, this journey may be accompanied by uncomfortable digestive symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, reflux and constipation.

Many people experience problems with their eyes, especially as they get older. Dry eyes, changes in vision, chalazion, allergies and infections are common issues that can be experienced by any age group.

The most common itchy skin irritation in the groin area of males is jock itch, but other common causes of irritation in the region – down there, could include a yeast infection, allergic reaction, genital lice, genital herpes, genital warts or plain chafing.

It can be quite horrifying for a parent when their perfect little child tells them they have an itchy bottom and you realize they have worms. Suddenly its panic stations and everyone feels itchy.

Peoples from different ethnic backgrounds can experience particular nutritional deficiencies which may occur due to genetics, home relocation - resulting in changes to usual diet, cultural dietary restrictions or poor food choices.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and is associated with a high economic burden. Although the mortality rate in patients with CAP was dramatically reduced by the introduction of antibiotics in the 1950s, it has not decreased greatly since that time.

Raw fruits and vegetables are an important natural source of many essential vitamins, minerals, and polyphenols. Fruit and vegetable juice products market themselves as containing the same nutritional value of their solid vegetable counterparts, although the processing and juicing of different fruits and vegetables has been evidenced to destroy some of the nutrients that are naturally found in them (1).

Around 25-50% of women experience a range of symptoms 4-5 years after the menopause due to atrophic vaginitis (also known as vaginal or urogenital atrophy).

Vulvovaginal candidiasis, also known as thrush, is a yeast infection of the lower female reproductive tract. The infective organism is a fungus, with an estimated 90% of cases caused due to Candida albicans.

Concerta (Methylphenidate) and Vyvanse (Lisdexamfetamine) are central nervous stimulants commonly used for the treatment of hyperactivity.

Osteoarthritis is a common cause of joint stiffness and pain, that progresses over time often leading to degeneration of the affected joint or joints decreased mobility, and disability. Sadly, there are very few conventional treatments for osteoarthritis.

Are you confused about macronutrients and how much of each you should be eating? Don't know your fish from your fruit? Your chips from your chicken? You are not alone.

Conjunctivitis is inflammation, irritation or infection of the conjunctiva—the membrane that lines the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids.

Conjunctivitis is the inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is the moist surfaces of the inner eyelids and around the white of the eye.

Conjunctivitis is an extremely common condition. The main clinical features of conjunctivitis are a red eye or eyes producing a discharge.

Constipation is a common problem in children. It is defined as infrequent bowel movements or poo that is hard to pass. Constipation can cause irritability, bloating, stomach cramps and withholding behaviours.

Studies suggest that constipation occurs in roughly 11% to one third of pregnant women. It is more common in the second and third part of the pregnancy and can be influenced by a range of factors such as a change in diet and an expanding uterus.

Constipation is a condition that can affect people of all ages. It is classified as having less than three bowel movements per week and stools that are dry, hard and difficult to pass. This condition can lead to painful bowel movements, bloating and overall discomfort.

Constipation is a common problem in children. It is defined as infrequent bowel movements or poo that is hard to pass. Constipation can cause irritability, bloating, stomach cramps and withholding behaviours.

There are a number of hormonal contraception methods available. People may taut one method as the best choice, but the optimal contraceptive method depends on a woman’s biology, health, and personal preferences. Hormonal contraception has been available in many countries for over 50 years, however over time new types of hormonal contraception are introduced to meet the needs of women and couples and to reduce cost.

Inflammation has become a popular topic due to its contribution to many health problems. We know that inflammation is a healthy reaction to some injury or disease in the body, considered a normal immune response - fever, pain and swelling are all common symptoms of inflammation. However the inflammatory process can sometimes remain unresolve resulting in a chronic inflammatory condition. Reducing inflammatory mediators can be supported by the use of some proven natural therapies, such as curcumin, fish oil, celery seed, ginger, NAC and vitamin C.

Corticosteroids are a class of the steroid hormone group that function mainly to regulate physiological functions such as stress; immune and inflammatory responses.

Cortisone is a corticosteroid. These are a class of drugs that are structurally similar to some natural hormones (i.e. steroid hormones) and regulatory molecules found in the body. Cortisone is released by the adrenal gland in response to stress. It is similar to cortisol, (or hydrocortisone) another adrenal hormone. This molecule may affect many physiological processes in the body, due to its close resemblance to many steroid hormones in the body.

Well the short answer is yes, sorry to say. Experiencing symptoms such as migraine, headaches, fatigue, stomach cramps/pain! These could be symptoms of a reaction to ingredients found in chocolate.

Skin around the heel is thicker and often dryer than other skin of the body. This is because we have fewer oil glands on our feet and they experience daily wear and tear.

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the lining of the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus. It commonly appears in the intestines and the colon causing severe pain, diarrhoea and rectal bleeding.

Crohn's disease is a chronic (long lasting) disease that causes inflammation—irritation or swelling—in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Most commonly, Crohn's affects the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine. However, the disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus. Crohn’s disease (named after Dr. Burrill B. Crohn, who first described the illness in 1932), is one of the two most common inflammatory bowel diseases, the other being ulcerative colitis.

Dementia, or neurocognitive disorder, is a term referring to a spectrum of conditions typically characterised by cognitive defects and functional disability.

Depression is a serious illness that causes depressed mood, diminished participation in pleasurable activities, changes in weight, changes in sleep patterns, irritability, fatigue, problems with concentration, and a tendency toward suicide.

Fish oil - polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (PUFA’s) containing EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), is commonly recognised for its use in the prevention and treatment of many health disorders.

Dehydroepiandrosterone, better known as DHEA, is a hormone that is produced by the adrenal glands, gonads, gastrointestinal tract, and even in the brain.

Diabetes mellitus (commonly referred to as diabetes) is a disease characterised by elevated blood sugar (glucose) levels. There are two forms of the disease – type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes occurs when (for unknown reasons) the body's own immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas (called beta cells). Insulin is a hormone that regulates the level of glucose in the blood. When blood glucose levels are high, insulin stimulates body cells to absorb the glucose. Inside the cells, glucose is used as energy for cellular metabolism.

Blood glucose and insulin dosing in type I diabetes can be complicated, even when people stick to routine diets with routine amounts of physical activity. The complexity increases dramatically in diabetic athletes who expend great deals of energy. While hyperglycaemia is possible after vigorous exercise, the greatest threat to diabetic athletes is hypoglycaemia. Despite these risks, there have been several gold-medal winning Olympians and other high-level professional athletes who have successfully managed their type I diabetes during sports. There are ways to safely and effectively manage diabetes therapy as an athlete, but it does require some forethought and planning.

A diuretic is any substance that increases urine excretion of both water and electrolytes. They are more commonly known as 'fluid tablets'. Diuretics have different clinical uses depending on their sites and mechanisms of action.

Enzymes, in general, are substances (proteins) that speed up chemical reactions in the body. The function of digestive enzymes is to break down our food into different nutrients so it can be digested.

Digestive enzymes are natural substances produced by the body to help break down and digest food. They are primarily produced in the pancreas and small intestine, but they are also made in the saliva glands and stomach.

Diverticulosis is the result of pouches forming on the intestinal wall. The small pouches that form are called diverticula and they protrude from the outer wall of the colon.

In what circumstances is a dosing aid disadvantageous (such as disempowering or deskilling otherwise capable patients)? What evidence is available to support their use in patients with dementia or memory related conditions?

Tap water, spring water, mineral water, soda water, tonic water, alkaline water, vitamin water. This article looks at the differences and whether some choices are better than others.

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is an eye disease characterised by eye dryness which is caused by either decreased tear production or increased tear evaporation.

Scratchy, stinging dry eyes are common as the seasons change, and it's not always because of allergies. Dry eyes occur when there is insufficient amount or poor quality of tears in the eyes – a condition called keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

You’ve been working really hard all morning and its getting close to lunch time suddenly you smell the most delicious aroma. Your tummy starts to rumble, your thoughts turn to food and your mouth starts to water, becoming slippery with saliva – unless you have dry mouth syndrome.

Dupuytren's contracture, also known as palmar fibromatosis, a is progressive condition which results in one or more fingers becoming bent in a flexed position,

The term 'dysphagia' refers to a sign or symptom of swallowing difficulty. People with this condition have trouble moving food solids, liquids and sometimes even saliva, down to the stomach.

The build-up of wax in the ear can be annoying but can also muffle incoming sound making hearing or understanding difficult.

Menopause occurs when a woman stops ovulating and her monthly menstruation cycle ceases.

Cancer is a condition in which cells escape their normal cycle of life and death.

Massage therapy is the systematised manipulation of soft tissues for the purpose of ‘normalising’ them.

Did you know you could be consuming micro sized plastics in the food you eat? Inhale airbourne plastics from the atmosphere and those same microplastics come in contact with our skin.

The Itch that could drive you mad is the best description for eczema.

Most people choose a deodorant to help avoid unpleasant body odour or as a way reduce the amount of perspiration being released by the body. Sweat can contribute to body odour, but body odour is mainly due to bacteria. The armpit, with its warm and damp environment, provide an ideal environment for bacteria.

For many eczema patients a strong connection exists between food allergies and eczema symptoms.

Used throughout the ages as a medicine for coughs, colds and the flu, elderberry is now one of the most popular natural remedies for respiratory infections.

Electrical muscle stimulation is a way of eliciting muscle contractions without the use of movement or the use of drugs. This method of muscle stimulation can support circulation, allow for muscle growth or prevent muscle wastage amongst other things.

Electrolytes are found in dietary sources, and also in specialised commercial products such as beverages and powders. These products are developed based on observations that a large proportion of electrolyte loss is sustained through perspiration.

If you have experienced unprotected sex within the past three days, forgot to take your usual birth control pill or the condom broke during intercourse, you may be able to prevent an unplanned pregnancy with the use of emergency birth control.

Emu oil contains essential fatty acids, nutrients and compounds making it a useful internal or external product to help with conditions such as eczema, dry skin and sunburn, arthritis, muscular aches, wound healing, bowel disorders and other inflammatory conditions.

Endocrine disruptors are found in plastics, foods, water and even receipts. Here's what they are, what they can do, and how to avoid them!

What do diabetes, thyroid disease, and irregular menstruation have in common? They're all conditions of the endocrine system. You've heard of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and the gastrointestinal system.

Endorphin is the body’s own endogenous morphine, produced by the body to block pain and allow us to participate in the experience of pleasure.

The tonsils are part of the immune system and function to trap germs from entering the body through the mouth and nose. They contain white blood cells for fighting infection and can may become swollen with infection.

An Australian survey showed that at least one in five men over the age of 40 years has difficulty obtaining or maintaining an erection.

Erectile dysfunction is a condition that is far more common than you may realise with a reported 1 in 5 Australian men experiencing erectile problems and 1 in 10 being unable to have erections at all.

Erythema nodosum (EN) is a specific form of panniculitis – (inflammation of the fat located under the skin) which may result from a number of provocative factors. It often occurs with other infections such as bacterial or viral infections; from medication; or from some diseases. It is presumed to be a delayed hypersensitivity reaction.

So much of our health relies on the acuity of our mental faculties.

Eucalyptus oil has many medicinal and practical applications due to its many actions, making it a useful additive to to the medicinal and household cleaning cupboards.

Evening primrose oil is a polyunsaturated fatty acid obtained from the pretty Oenothera biennis (Evening Primrose) plant, a common wild flower found growing in North America.

Keloid scarring is a condition that can be very challenging to treat successfully because the mechanisms that cause it are not yet fully understood by the medical community.

Protein is critical for development—virtually every structure in the human body contains protein as its core building block. If protein levels it a baby's diet are too low, growth and development may be hindered.

Menorrhagia is the medical term used to describe prolonged or excessively heavy menstrual bleeding. Many women experience heavy bleeding, but it may not be severe enough to be classified as menorrhagia.