Pregnancy stages: Managing side effects during each trimester

Pregnancy is a beautiful and exciting journey, but it can also come with its fair share of uncomfortable symptoms. If you’re expecting, it's essential to understand what to expect in each trimester and how to tackle the symptoms along the way. 

What are the different pregnancy stages?

Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters, each lasting approximately 13 weeks. Here's a brief overview of each:

• First Trimester (Week 1-12): This is the most critical period of foetal development. During this time, the fertilised egg implants in the uterus, and the embryo's major organs and body systems begin to form. Nausea and fatigue are common symptoms during this time. 
• Second Trimester (Week 13-26): This trimester is often referred to as the "golden period" of pregnancy. The foetus continues to grow and develop, and the mother may start to feel more energetic and comfortable.
• Third Trimester (Week 27-40): During this final trimester, the foetus prepares for birth by gaining weight and developing fat layers. The mother may experience more discomfort and fatigue closer to the baby's due date.

How to manage symptoms during each trimester

Symptom 1: Nausea

What’s the deal?: Nausea is one of the most common symptoms of pregnancy - up to 80% of mums-to-be experience it.. It's more common during the first trimester, typically starting around week 6 and settling down by week 12.

How to tackle it:

• Eat small, frequent meals throughout the day
• Avoid spicy or fatty foods
• Choose bland, easy-to-digest foods like crackers or toast
• Ginger can help alleviate nausea (try ginger tea, ginger ale, or ginger candies)
• Vitamin B6 supplements or prenatal vitamins may also help
• Over the counter anti-nausea medications can help but speak to your healthcare professional before using these. 

Symptom 2: Fatigue

What’s the deal? Fatigue is another common symptom of pregnancy, especially during the first and third trimesters. Hormonal changes, increased blood volume, and the growing foetus can all add to feelings of exhaustion.

How to tackle it:

• Get plenty of rest and aim for 7-9 hours of sleep per night
• Take naps during the day if needed
• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water
• Move your body regularly, (try prenatal yoga or walking)
• Prioritise tasks and take breaks when you can

Symptom 3: Back pain

What’s the deal? Back pain is common during pregnancy, especially during the second and third trimesters. As your baby grows, it can put strain on the back muscles, causing  discomfort and pain.

How to tackle it:

• Practice good posture and avoid heavy lifting
• Stay active with regular exercise
• Wear comfortable, supportive shoes
• Apply heat or cold packs for some relief
• A prenatal massage or a session with a physiotherapist can work wonders
• Over the counter paracetamol is also a safe option you can try (check with your doctor if unsure)

Symptom 4: Braxton Hicks contractions

What’s the deal?  Braxton Hicks contractions are mild, practice contractions that occur during the second and third trimesters. They can feel like a tightening or hardening of the uterus.

How to tackle it: 

• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water
• Change positions or take a walk
• Practice relaxation techniques, like deep breathing or meditation
• Apply heat or cold packs to the lower back or abdomen

Symptom 5: Swelling

What’s the deal?  Swelling is a common symptom of pregnancy, especially during the third trimester. Fluid retention and increased blood volume can cause swelling in the feet, ankles, and hands.

How to tackle it:

• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water
• Elevate your feet and ankles regularly
• Avoid standing or sitting for long periods
• Wear comfortable, supportive shoes
• Consider wearing compression stockings

When to see a healthcare professional: 

While many pregnancy symptoms can be managed at home, there are certain situations that require medical attention, such as:

• Severe nausea or vomiting
• Heavy bleeding or clotting
• Severe abdominal pain
• Contractions before 37 weeks
• Fever or chills
• Vaginal discharge or itching
• Or anything else that doesn’t feel right or leaves you unsure

If you experience any of the above, contact your healthcare professional.

The bottom line:

Pregnancy can be a wonderful and exciting time, but it can also come with its fair share of uncomfortable symptoms. By understanding the different stages of pregnancy and how to manage common symptoms, you can enjoy a healthier and more comfortable pregnancy journey. Always consult with your healthcare provider if you have any questions or before using any medications. 

Related articles:

• Your most common pregnancy FAQs answered
• Moving with confidence: Exercise tips for preconception and pregnancy
• How to get better sleep when pregnant

Reviewed by the Healthylife health experts February 2025.