Probiotics and pregnancy: what you need to know

A young woman with long dark hair is smiling and holding a glass of water in one hand and probiotics tablets in the other hand
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Key Points

  • Probiotics are microorganisms found in the gut, in foods and supplements.
  • Research shows probiotic use in pregnancy may reduce the risk of allergies in infants.
  • The research on the best strain and dose of probiotics is still evolving.

If you’re pregnant or planning for pregnancy, you may have wondered whether probiotics are beneficial for you and the baby. The science around probiotics is continually evolving as researchers study the strains of probiotics and their potential benefits — and there are encouraging findings around the use of probiotics during pregnancy. So, what are the potential benefits, and are there any risks? 

Are probiotics in pregnancy beneficial?

Known for having potential health benefits, probiotics are microorganisms present in the gut, certain foods and supplements. Studies show they may have a role in promoting digestive health, supporting immunity and enhancing resilience to illness. They may also help in lactose digestion. 

So, can you take probiotics when pregnant?

Dietitian Kate Agnew says, “Evidence is mixed and inconclusive on whether probiotics reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes or complications. But the research on probiotics in pregnancy tells us so far that they may potentially reduce the risk of allergies in infants, particularly eczema. 

“Probiotics may improve gut health and contribute to overall health such as immunity (depending on the strain), and may improve gastrointestinal function and help with symptoms such as constipation and nausea, which are common in pregnancy.”

What probiotic strains are best for pregnancy?

“Research around the optimal dose and strain of probiotics is still evolving,” says Kate, adding that lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, streptococcus and saccharomyces boulardii are the most common strains researched. 

“The lactobacillus species is the most common and typically used group of probiotics. Some strains are more readily available in fermented foods like yoghurt and kefir that contain live probiotics, whereas others are available in a capsule supplement.”

Opt for a product that contains the strains with the strongest supporting evidence for your desired benefit. 

A pregnant woman is standing in a kitchen eating a strawberry while holding her pregnant belly

Prebiotics are just as important as probiotics in pregnancy

What should people be aware of when taking probiotics during pregnancy? 

“The effectiveness of probiotics will depend on the strain and dose consumed,” says Kate. “Don’t forget the basics of gut health, as it can also be affected by sleep, stress, dietary pattern and exercise. 

“Also, prebiotics are just as important as probiotics, to ensure good gut bacteria diversity and to help them thrive.”

Studies show prebiotic fibre such as that found in fruit and vegetables is beneficial for both the mother and the unborn child and as with probiotics, adverse effects are rare.

So, what else do we need to know? 

“If taking a probiotic supplement, it’s important to read the instructions on the bottle and discuss with your healthcare professional,” Kate adds. “It’s also important to discuss this in light of the stage of pregnancy you are in. The majority of research has been done in women in the later stages of pregnancy.”

A pregnant woman wearing denim overalls is sitting on a sofa and smiling at a small dog

Probiotics are safe for most pregnant women, but it’s best to consult a healthcare professional for advice

Are there any risks with taking probiotics during pregnancy?  

Kate says the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners’ advice is that probiotics are safe for most pregnant women. “But there is a small risk for those who are ill or immunocompromised.

“The overall safety will depend on which probiotic strains are used (along with the evidence) and your individual health needs. It’s important to see a healthcare professional to make an informed decision.”

Probiotics and pregnancy: what’s next?

Probiotic use during pregnancy is still subject to ongoing research, but there is evidence that it may be beneficial, particularly in reducing the likelihood of allergies and eczema in babies. 

Got more questions about probiotic use and what to eat during pregnancy? Explore the Healthylife blog or visit your healthcare professional for more advice on taking probiotics during pregnancy. 

Related:

Kate Agnew is an Accredited Practising Dietitian who is passionate about innovation and problem-solving in health & nutrition. Her goal is to ultimately create a healthier environment for all Australians.

Reviewed by Healthylife health experts October 2023.


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This article is for informational purposes only and does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Any information published on this website or by this brand is not intended as a substitute for medical advice. If you have any concerns or questions about your health, you should consult with a health professional.